User-defined character patterns are also available by mask-programmed ROM.
Mplab Xc8 Tutorial How To Send DataYoull learn how LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) works internally and how to send data and commands to it with a microcontroller, specifically PIC MCUs.
Mplab Xc8 Tutorial Driver For YourAnd youll also learn how to develop a simple LCD Driver for your upcoming projects. There are 2 practical LABs associated with this tutorial and here is a brief animation indicating what youll be able to do after completing this tutorial. Component Name Buy On Amazon.com 1 PIC16F877A or PIC18F2550 Add Add 1 BreadBoard Add 1 Alphanumeric LCD 162 Add 1 Jumper Wires Pack Add Add 1 LM7805 Voltage Regulator (5v) Add 1 8MHz Crystal Oscillator Add 1 PICkit2 or 3 Programmer Add The Prototyping Board Setup 162 LCD Module We typically add a 162 Alphanumeric LCD to small embedded systems projects to enhance the user experience and UI of the deviceproject. You can use it to display text messages to the user, number, etc. Other types of LCDs provide different features such as the number of columns and rows (characters) and maybe colored display, and also different interfaces (parallel, spi, i2c, etc). For this tutorial, well consider the 162 LCD with 16-pin header interface. Mplab Xc8 Tutorial Driver HD44780 ControllerAssuming it has the standard Hitachi LCD driver HD44780 controller. Well see how it works internally and how to interface it with microcontrollers. This small IC on the backside of the LCD module controls the LCD itself and accepts user command and data sent by the master MCU. LCD Module Pinout Pins Functions Description LCD Connection Diagram With MCU LCD Controller IC The LCD module consists of 162 character cells, and each one of them is 58 dots. Controlling all of this is a tedious task for our main microcontroller to do. ![]() LCD Driver Block Diagram Internal Registers (IR DR) The HD44780U has two 8-bit registers, an instruction register (IR) and a data register (DR). The IR stores instruction codes, such as display clear and cursor shift, and address information for display data RAM (DDRAM) and character generator RAM (CGRAM). ![]() Data written into the DR from the MPU is automatically written into DDRAM or CGRAM by an internal operation. Display Data RAM (DDRAM) Display data RAM (DDRAM) stores display data represented in 8-bit character codes. The area in display data RAM (DDRAM) that is not used for display can be used as general data RAM. Therefore, whatever data you send to the DDRAM, itll get displayed on the LCD. As long as the characters count is below 32 (for 162 LCD), itll be visible. Otherwise, written characters are stored in the DDRAM but not visible. Character Generator ROM (CGROM) The character generator ROM generates 5 8 dots or 5 10 dot character patterns from 8-bit character codes. It can generate 208 5 8 dot character patterns and 32 5 10 dot character patterns.
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